De la teoría de la objetivación
Palavras-chave:
Teoría de la objetivación, Vygotsky, Leont’ev, Labor, Actividad, Conciencia, Subjetivación, Theory of objectification, Labour, Activity, Consciousness, SubjectificationResumo
Resumen
En este artículo se presentan los objetivos de la teoría de la objetivación, una teoría educativa que se ubica dentro de la gama de teorías socioculturales contemporáneas que intentan plantear la enseñanza y aprendizaje en términos diferentes de aquellos abogados por las teorías educativas individualistas modernas y sus pedagogías centradas sobre el alumno. La primera sección presenta una reseña retrospectiva que intenta situar el contexto histórico de emergencia de la teoría de la objetivación. Luego se presentan sus objetivos y se discute la categoría conceptual fundamental de la teoría de la objetivación: la categoría de labor o trabajo, en el sentido dialéctico-materialista, categoría que permite reconceptualizar la enseñanza y aprendizaje en términos de actividad o labor conjunta entre alumnos y profesores. Es dentro de este contexto que se discuten, al final del artículo, los constructos analíticos fundamentales de la teoría, a saber: objetivación y subjetivación.
Abstract
This article deals with the goals of the theory of objectification—an educational theory that is part of contemporary endeavours that seek to conceptualize teaching and learning in different terms from those adopted by modern individualistic educational theories and their student-centred pedagogies. The first section offers a brief account of the historical context from where the theory of objectification emerged. The following sections focus on the goals of the theory and its fundamental theoretical category, namely the dialectical materialist category of labour—a category that serves to conceptualize teaching and learning as a joint labour carried out by teachers and students. Against this background, in the last part of the article, are discussed the analytic concepts of the theory, that is: objectification and subjectification
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